KETIDAKPASTIAN DALAM PENYITAAAN ASET PERKARA KEPAILITAN DENGAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG
Abstract
money laundering cases has created legal uncertainty in Indonesia's law enforcement system. On the one hand, once a debtor is declared bankrupt, all of the debtor's assets become part of the bankruptcy estate under the administration of the bankruptcy trustee pursuant to Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations. On the other hand, law enforcement authorities are empowered to seize assets suspected of originating from criminal activities under the Criminal Procedure Code and Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering. This overlap gives rise to conflicts of authority, delays in the administration of the bankruptcy estate, and potential prejudice to both creditors and the State's interest in combating financial crime. This research aims to analyze the legal framework governing asset seizure in bankruptcy and money laundering proceedings, identify the factors causing legal uncertainty, and formulate a harmonized legal framework capable of ensuring legal certainty, justice, and legal expediency. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively based on the theories of legal certainty, legal protection, and justice. The findings indicate that the absence of explicit legal provisions determining the priority of asset seizure authority between the bankruptcy regime and the criminal law regime has resulted in regulatory disharmony, differing legal interpretations, and inconsistencies in judicial implementation. Therefore, regulatory harmonization is necessary through comprehensive rules governing coordination between law enforcement agencies and bankruptcy trustees, mechanisms for determining the legal status of disputed assets, and clear prioritization in resolving assets derived from criminal proceeds while safeguarding the rights of good-faith creditors. Such harmonization is expected to strengthen legal certainty, improve the effectiveness of law enforcement, and ensure balanced legal protection for all interested parties.
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