APPLICATION OF THE PRUDENCE PRINCIPLE BY BANKS IN THE DISBURSEMENT OF CUSTOMER ACCOUNT FUNDS
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the application of the prudential principle by banks regarding the disbursement of customer funds in accordance with the Banking Law, and to examine the legal basis for judicial reasoning in cases involving unlawful acts (tort) resulting from a failure to observe this principle, as reflected in Supreme Court Decision Number 220 PK/Pdt/2026. The study employs a normative legal research method utilizing both the statute approach and the case approach. The findings indicate that banks are required to actively implement the prudential principle during every customer fund disbursement process—specifically through identity verification, document validation, and signature specimen matching—as mandated by Article 29 of Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking. Negligence in fulfilling this obligation constitutes an unlawful act under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code, and the bank, as a legal entity, is liable for customer losses based on the doctrine of vicarious liability pursuant to Article 1367 of the Indonesian Civil Code.
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